Subsurface structure refers to the geological formations and materials that exist beneath the Earth's surface. Researchers study subsurface structure to understand the composition, layers, and properties of the Earth's crust, mantle, and core. This information is crucial for various industries such as oil and gas exploration, mining, and geothermal energy production. Techniques such as seismic surveys, borehole drilling, and satellite imaging are often used to investigate subsurface structure and map out underground features such as faults, rock formations, and groundwater reservoirs. Understanding subsurface structure can help predict natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, as well as facilitate the sustainable management of natural resources.